Home | Gene Tools, LLC

Time 2020-12-09 08:03:23

Web Name: Home | Gene Tools, LLC

WebSite: http://www.gene-tools.com

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Gene Tools makes Morpholino antisense oligos. Morpholino oligos bind to complementary RNA and get in the way of processes; they can knock down gene expression, modify RNA splicing or inhibit miRNA activity and maturation. Morpholinos are the premier knockdown tools used in developmental biology labs, the best RNA-blocking reagents for cells in culture and, as Vivo-Morpholinos, the most specific delivery-enhanced oligos available for other animal models. We are the sole commercial manufacturer selling research quantities of Morpholinos world-wide. Morpholino oligos are short chains of about 25 Morpholino subunits. Each subunit is comprised of a nucleic acid base, a methylenemorpholine ring and a non-ionic phosphorodiamidate intersubunit linkage. Morpholinos do not degrade their RNA targets, but instead act via an RNAse H-independent steric blocking mechanism. They are completely stable in cells, uncut by nucleases. Requiring greater complementarity with their target RNAs to affect gene expression, Morpholinos perturb the expression of untargeted genes far less than the widespread off-target expression changes typical of knockdowns relying on RISC or RNase-H activity. With their high mRNA binding affinity and exquisite specificity, Morpholinos yield reliable and predictable results. Depending on the oligo sequence selected, they either can block translation initiation in the cytosol (by targeting the 5' UTR through the first 25 bases of coding sequence), can modify pre-mRNA splicing in the nucleus (by targeting splice junctions or splice regulatory sites) or can inhibit miRNA maturation and activity (by targeting pri-miRNA or mature miRNA), as well as more exotic applications such as ribozyme inhibition, modifying poly-A tailing, blocking RNA translocation sequences or translational frameshifting. Morpholinos have been shown effective in animals, protists, plants and bacteria. We are continually developing novel cytosolic delivery systems like our 'Endo-Porter' for cultured cells and our Vivo-Morpholinos for both cultures and in vivo delivery. With established delivery technologies it's easy to deliver Morpholinos into cultures, embryos or animals -- making Morpholinos the best tools for genetic studies and drug target validation programs.What Sets Us Apart?Morpholino oligos have excellent antisense properties compared to other gene knockdown systems. Microinjection or electroporation of Morpholino oligos into the embryos of frogs, zebrafish, chicks, sea urchins and other organisms successfully and specifically shuts down the expression of targeted genes, making Morpholinos an indispensable tool of developmental biologists. Morpholinos have also proven their versatility and efficacy in cultures of primary or immortal cells when delivered by Endo-Porter, electroporation or Vivo-Morpholinos. Usually, Vivo-Morpholinos are used to bring the specificity and efficacy of Morpholino oligos to experiments requiring systemic delivery in adult animals. The list of over 10,000 publications using Morpholinos is growing daily and is maintained on-line in a browseable database. Scroll down on this home page for some very recent citations describing work with Morpholinos or Vivo-Morpholinos; we also post these as we find them from @GeneTools on Twitter with the hashtag #Morpholino. Under the Products and Applications tab you can find lists of citations for oligo target types or various organism groups (e.g. Morpholinos for blocking MicroRNAs, Morpholinos for Modifying Poly-A Tailing, Applications in Bacteria, etc.).Besides providing the best knockdown and splice modification tools, we also provide the best customer support available in the gene silencing industry. Our customer support team includes three Ph.D.-level scientists with hands-on Morpholino experience who are available to: 1) discuss your experiment design, 2) design your oligos for you, and 3) help you troubleshoot your experiments, all at no additional cost. Ketharnathan S, Labudina A, Horsfield JA. Cohesin Components Stag1 and Stag2 Differentially Influence Haematopoietic Mesoderm Development in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:1542. doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.617545Osborn DPS, Emrahi L, Clayton J, Tabrizi MT, Wan AYB, Maroofian R, Yazdchi M, Garcia MLE, Galehdari H, Hesse C, Shariati G, Mazaheri N, Sedaghat A, Goullée H, Laing N, Jamshidi Y, Tajsharghi H. Autosomal recessive cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death associated with variants in MYL3. Genet Med. 2020 Dec 8. doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-01028-2. Online ahead of print.Kim SK, Brotslaw E, Thome V, Mitchell J, Ventrella R, Collins C, Mitchell B. A role for Cep70 in centriole amplification in multiciliated cells. Dev Biol. 2020 Dec 4:S0012-1606(20)30309-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.11.011. Online ahead of print.Komaki H, Takeshima Y, Matsumura T, Ozasa S, Funato M, Takeshita E, Iwata Y, Yajima H, Egawa Y, Toramoto T, Tajima M, Takeda S. Viltolarsen in Japanese Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: A phase 1/2 study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2020 Dec 7. doi: 10.1002/acn3.51235. Online ahead of print.Cafora M, Brix A, Forti F, Loberto N, Aureli M, Briani F, Pistocchi A. Phages as immunomodulators and their promising use as anti-inflammatory agents in a cftr loss-of-function zebrafish model. J Cyst Fibros. 2020;[Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2020.11.017Gross-Thebing S, Truszkowski L, Tenbrinck D, Sánchez-Iranzo H, Camelo C, Westerich KJ, Singh A, Maier P, Prengel J, Lange P, Hüwel J, Gaede F, Sasse R, Vos BE, Betz T, Matis M, Prevedel R, Luschnig S, Diz-Muñoz A, Burger M, Raz E. Using migrating cells as probes to illuminate features in live embryonic tissues. Sci Adv. 2020 Dec 4;6(49):eabc5546. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc5546. Print 2020 Dec.Evans B, Garner T, DeLeonibus C, Wearing O, Shiels H, Hurlstone AH, Clayton P, Stevens A. Grb10a knockdown in Danio rerio during early life alters growth and cardiometabolic function associated with a remodelled transcriptome. bioRxiv. 2020;[preprint] doi:10.1101/2020.12.06.413633 Huang C, Zhu B, Leng D, Ge W, Zhang XD. Long noncoding RNAs implicated in embryonic development in Ybx1 knockout zebrafish. FEBS Open Bio. 2020 Dec 5. doi:10.1002/2211-5463.13057. Online ahead of print.Cary GA, McCauley BS, Zueva O, Pattinato J, Longabaugh W, Hinman VF. Systematic comparison of sea urchin and sea star developmental gene regulatory networks explains how novelty is incorporated in early development. Nat Commun. 2020;11:6235. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20023-4Victorio CB, Novera W, Tham JY, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Chacko A-M. Peptide-Conjugated Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers for In Situ Live-Cell Molecular Imaging of Dengue Virus Replication. Int J Molec Sci. 2020;21(23):1422-0067 doi:10.3390/ijms21239260 Gene Tools offers custom-sequence Vivo-Morpholinos. A Vivo-Morpholino is a Morpholino oligo with a delivery moiety attached, enabling the oligo to enter cells in adult animals. Vivo-Morpholinos can be used for iv, ip, or local injections, icv infusions, explant cultures and cell cultures. Boender AJ, Bontempi L, Nava L, Pelloux Y, Tonini R. Striatal astrocytes shape behavioral flexibility via regulation of the glutamate transporter EAAT2. Biol Psychiatry. 2020;[Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.11.015Raman R, Ryon M, Jagadeeswaran P. RNaseH-mediated simultaneous piggyback knockdown of multiple genes in adult zebrafish. Sci Rep. 2020;10:20187 doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76655-5Wu CS, Lu YF, Liu YH, Huang CJ, Hwang SL. Zebrafish Cdx1b modulates epithalamic asymmetry by regulating ndr2 and lft1 expression. Dev Biol. 2020 Nov 13:S0012-1606(20)30293-1. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.11.001. Online ahead of print.Injection into 18hpf zebrafish forebrain ventricleKhandekar G, Iyer N, Jagadeeswaran P. Prostasin and hepatocyte growth factor B in factor VIIa generation: Serine protease knockdowns in zebrafish. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2020 Sep 22;4(7):1150-1157. doi: 10.1002/rth2.12428. eCollection 2020 Oct.Vivo-Morpholino carries partially-complementary DNA oligo into cells after iv injections into adult zebrafish, second injection 24 hours later.Chrisafis G, Wang T, Moissoglu K, Gasparski AN, Ng Y, Weigert R, Lockett SJ, Mili S. Collective cancer cell invasion requires RNA accumulation at the invasive front. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2020;[Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1073/pnas.2010872117 Cell culture: MDA-MB-231 speroidsLi Y, Gao X, Wei C, Guo R, Xu H, Bai Z, Zhou J, Zhu J, Wang W, Wu Y, Li J, Zhang Z, Xie X. Modification of Mcl-1 alternative splicing induces apoptosis and suppresses tumor proliferation in gastric cancer. Aging. 2020;12. doi:10.18632/aging.103766"Mice were grouped after tumor formation and then injected with vivo-morpholino-modified Mcl-1-specific SBOs or a non-targeting vivo-morpholino-modified oligonucleotide (as the control) ... by local multipoint administration. Dosing (1.25 or 6.25 mg/kg SBOs) was repeated daily for 3 days, and the mice were sacrificed on day 4."See our Vivo-Morpholinos page for more information and citations.

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