Medical Mycology

Time 2020-12-11 21:11:22

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Current Medical Mycology (CMM)Official publicationIranian Society of Medical Mycology (ISMM)and Invasive Fungi Research Center (IFRC)We're pleased to announce that Current Medical Mycology is now availableon the public PMC site: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/3201/Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Dear ColleaguesCurrent Medical Mycology welcome the submission of manuscript which is novel, timely and significant research and meet high standards of scientific merit and relevance to the Journal’s scope and will publish:  original articles, short communications, review articles, case report, and letters to the editor.The submitted manuscript will be reviewed by our journal expert reviewers and status will be intimated within four weeks and following acceptance, it will normally be published in the next issue. We invite you to submit your manuscript(s) through online Submision. http://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/All the best,Current Medical Mycology (CMM)http://cmm.mazums.ac.ir/      Nocardiopsis dassonvillei is an environmental aerobic actinomycete seldom isolated in cutaneous and pulmonary infections.The genus Nocardiopsisincludes aerobic, spore-forming actinomycetes that produce a branched, vegetative mycelium and aerial hyphae. Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, isolated from mildewed grain and originally classified under the name of Streptothrix dassonvillei.Acremonium is a genus of fungi in the Hypocreaceae family; it was previously known as "Cephalosporium".Acremonium species are usually slow-growing and are initially compact and moist. Their hyphae are fine and hyaline, and produce mostly simple phialides. Their conidia are usually one-celled (i.e. ameroconidia), hyaline or pigmented, globose to cylindrical, and mostly aggregated in slimy heads at the apex of each phialide.Variotin, an antifungal antibiotic, is produced by Paecilomyces varioti Bainer var. antibioticus and was isolated by Takeuchi et al. (1959). It does not inhibit bacteria and some fungi at 160 μg/m1 but does inhibit a number of fungi pathogenic to man such as Blastomyces dermatitidis, Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum audouini at 0.25 μg/ml or less. It is used topically for the treatment of human dermatomycosis. A Fernbach flask is a type of flask suited for large volume cell culture where the culture requires a large surface area to volume ratio. Typically, they are baffled on the bottom in order to maximize oxygen transfer to the culture medium. The flask was named after French biologist Auguste Fernbach (1860-1939).Synonyms: Yeast identification, Dalmau plate test (procedure)Yeast identification, Corn Meal Agar  A recommended medium for chlamydospore production by Candida albicans and for the maintenance of fungal stock cultures.The addition of `Tween 80’ (e.g. 1%) to Corn Meal Agar greatly enhances the development of chlamydospores on the medium.Onychocola canadensis is a relative of the dermatophyte and an occasionally causes onychomycosis. It was described in 1990 from 3 clinical reports in Canada.It belongs to the Family Gymnoascaceae-arthroconidial hyphomyceteOnychocola canadensis has been reported in several clinical reports as an agent of toenail infection, mostly in temperate areas such as Canada, Australia, a European countries, occurs more frequently in female elderly. Infected nails often appear thick and distorted in shape, and usually in a yellowish green colour. Direct microscopy revealed hyaline, round to barrel-shaped arthroconidia, hyaline hyphae of varying width, and broad thick-walled brownish hyphae.studies have found Griseofulvin and Itraconazole could be an effective treatment for onychomycosisCulture and arthroconidia of Onychocola canadensisArthroconidia are cylindrical to broadly ellipsoidal, one- or two-celled, hyaline to subhyaline, 4-16 x 2-5 µm in size, forming long chains. Older cultures may show broad, brown, rough-walled hyphae.Onychocola canadensis is an uncommon cause of distal and lateral subungual or white superficial onychomycosis. However, it may sometimes be present in an abnormal-appearing nail as an insignificant finding, not acting as a pathogen.White rust, Albugo candida is a species from family Albuginaceae; however, all the other species in this family are called "white rust." Like other water moulds which are plant pathogens, it is sometimes called a fungus, but is in fact an Oomycete.Plasmopara viticola, also known as the grape downy mildew is considered to be the most devastating grape pathogen in North America and EuropePlasmopara viticola, the causal agent of grapevine downy mildew, is a heterothallic oomycete that overwinters as oospores in leaf litter and soil. In the spring, oospores germinate to produce macrosporangia, which under wet conditions release zoospores. Zoospores are splashed by rain into the canopy, where they swim to and infect through stomata. After 7–10 days, yellow lesions appear on foliage. During favorable weather, the lesions sporulate and new secondary infections occur.Continue The oomycete Saprolegnia parasitica and related pathogens are water molds in the class of Saprolegniomycetidae that attack a wide variety of fish, amphibians and crustaceans important to aquaculture and to aquatic ecosystems. They cause Saprolegniosis, a disease that is characterized by visible white or grey patches of filamentous mycelium on the body or fins of freshwater fish. Saprolegnia parasitica is economically one of the most important fish pathogens, especially on catfish, salmon and trout species. It causes millions of dollar losses to the aquaculture industry worldwide and has also been linked to declining wild fish stocks and amphibian populations around the worldContinueThe 2nd International and 4th Iranian Congress in Medical Mycology: From Bench to Bed in Shiraz,Iran 18th -20th November,2015Human protothecosis is a rare infection caused by members of the genus Prototheca. Prototheca species are generally considered to be achlorophyllic algae and are ubiquitous in nature. The occurrence of protothecosis can be local or disseminated and acute or chronic, with the latter being more common. Diseases have been classified as  cutaneous lesions, (ii) olecranon bursitis, or (iii) disseminated or systemic manifestations. Infections can occur in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients, although more severe and disseminated infections tend to occur in immunocompromised individuals. Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii  have been associated with human disease. Usually, treatment involves medical and surgical approaches; treatment failure is not uncommon. Antifungals such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, and amphotericin B are the most commonly used drugs to date. Among them, amphotericin B displays the best activity against Prototheca spp. Diagnosis is largely made upon detection of characteristic structures observed on histopathologic examination of tissue.lacks chlorophyll-The two most common species are Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii..Coccidioidin and spherulin are two different antigens and are both used to test for coccidioidomycosis. Spherulin may be a more sensitive test than coccidioidinA genus of destructive root-parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Pythiaceae, order Peronosporales, commonly found in cultivated soils all over the world. Differentiation of zoospores takes place in a vesicle.Life cycle of the pathogen Pythium insidiosum. The upper panel represent its life cycle in nature. The lower panel shows the possible mechanism of infectionThis is a generalized life cycle proposed by John J. Ruffolo, Ph.D. (Cushion, MT, 1988) for the various species of Pneumocystis. These fungi are found in the lungs of mammals where they reside without causing overt infection until the host's immune system becomes debilitated. Then, an oftentimes lethal pneumonia can result. Asexual phase: trophic forms replicate by mitosis to . Sexual phase: haploid trophic forms conjugate and produce a zygote or sporocyte (early cyst) . The zygote undergoes meiosis and subsequent mitosis to produce eight haploid nuclei (late phase cyst) . Spores exhibit different shapes (such as, spherical and elongated forms). It is postulated that elongation of the spores precedes release from the spore case. It is believed that the release occurs through a rent in the cell wall. After release, the empty spore case usually collapses, but retains some residual cytoplasm . A trophic stage, where the organisms probably multiply by binary fission is also recognized to exist. The organism causes disease in immunosuppressed individuals.Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a dimorphic fungus and the causative agent of the disease paracoccidioidomycosis. The fungus has been affiliated with the family Ajellomycetaceae (division Ascomycota) although a sexual state or teleomorph has not yet been found.Black piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft caused by Piedra hortae, an ascomycetous fungus forming hard black nodules on the shafts of the scalp, beard, moustache and pubic hair. It is common in Central and South America and South-East Asia.ContinueThe Epsilometer test (usually abbreviated Etest) is alaboratory test used by microbiologists to determine whether or not a specificstrain of bacteriumor fungusis susceptible to the action of a specific antibiotic. This is most commonlyused in the setting of medicine, where a particular organism has been found toinfect a patient, and the doctor treating the patient is seeking guidance onwhat concentration of antibiotic is suitable.C. albicans is naturally present in the respiratory tract and mouth of most people, and the vagina of most women. The yeast causes no problem in healthy individuals, as its numbers are controlled by naturally occurring microorganisms. If the natural balance between these microorganisms and Candida is perturbed, the virus may multiply, producing a candidiasis such as thrush.Symptoms of the disease: small white plaques, usually observed on the tongue and in the mouth.Incubation period: two to five days.Contagious period: as long as lesions are present.Hosts: humans.Transmission: direct contact with oral, dermal or vaginal secretions or excretions from infected individuals. Transmission may also occur from mother to infant during birth.Treatment of the disease: nystatin and azole, both taken orally.Geographical distribution of the microorganism: worldwide.Prevention: disinfection of beds in nurseries, in order to avoid transmission of thrush from one infant to another.Vaccine: none.Microscopic FeaturesSeptate hyphae, pycnidia, conidia, and chlamydospores (for some species only) are visualized. The hyphae are hyaline to brown. Pycnidia are the large, round to pyriform, asexual fruiting bodies which are 70-100 µm in diameter. They are dark in color and bear phialides at their inner lining. Pycnidia have one to several openings (ostioles) on their surface from which the conidia are released outside. Conidia are unicellular, hyaline, and oval-shaped. Each conidium typically has two oil droplets inside. Some Phoma species produce brown chlamydospores that are arranged singly or in chains

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