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A PHOTO FUNGI OF THE DEVON AND CORNWALL PENINSULARusts (Basidiomycota)RustsMelampsoraceaeMelampsora hypericorum - Hypericum Rust     leaf upperside     close-upOn Hypericum androsaemum (Tutsan). Chittleburn Hill Cycleway, Elburton, Plymouth, Devon. 27.04.07 (Public Location) SX5372853097PhragmidiaceaeKuehneola uredinis - Pale Blackberry Rust (on cane)On Rubus fruticosus agg. (Blackberry). Wasteland beside Plymouth Ski Centre, Leigham, Plymouth, Devon. 13.04.07 (Public Location) SX5119057328Phragmidium fragariae - Barren Strawberry Rust     close-up     leaf     flowerOn Potentilla sterilis (Barren Strawberry). West Wood, Woolwell, Plymouth, Devon. 26.03.07 (Public Location) SX5085561153Phragmidium rubi-idaei - Raspberry Rust     lf. above     lf. underside -1     lf. underside -2On Rubus idaeus (Raspberry). Blunts Lane Allotments, Estover, Plymouth, Devon. 04.10.07 (Private Location)Phragmidium sanguisorbae - Burnet Rust     close-up     plantOn Sanguisorba minor (Salad Burnet). Mount Wise, Plymouth, Devon. 23.04.07 (Public Location) SX4551254112Phragmidium violaceum - Blackberry Rust     leaf upperside     leaf underside close-upOn Rubus fruticosus agg. (Blackberry). Wasteland beside Plymouth Ski Centre, Leigham, Plymouth, Devon. 13.04.07 (Public Location) SX5119057328Phragmidium sp. (P. tuberculatum or P. mucronatum) - Orange Rose Rust     shoot1     shoot2On Rosa sp. (A Rose). Wasteland beside Plymouth Ski Centre, Leigham, Plymouth, Devon. 13.04.07 (Public Location) SX5125257290PucciniaceaePuccinia adoxae - Moschatel Rust     on leaf     on stemOn Adoxa moschatellina (Moschatel). Hardwick Woods, Cot Hill, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 22.03.07 (Public Location) SX5266255695Puccinia allii - Onion / Garlic Rust     close-upOn Allium vineale (Wild Onion). Novorossisk Rd., nr. Estover Ind. Est., Plymouth, Devon. 21.04.07 (Public Location) SX5144859342Puccinia antirrhini - Snapdragon Rust     close-up     leaf uppersideOn Antirrhinum majus (Snapdragon). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 29.04.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Puccinia buxi - Box RustOn Buxus sempervirens (Box). Ham Woods, Ham, Plymouth, Devon. 04.04.06 (Public Location) SX460579Puccinia caricina - Orange Stem Gall on NettleOn Urtica dioica (Nettle). Lower Merripit, nr. Postbridge, Dartmoor National Park, Devon. 02.07.06 (Public Footpath) SX658792 Puccinia chaerophylli - A Rust Fungus     close-upOn Anthriscus sylvestris (Cow Parsley). Spriddlestone, nr. Brixton, Plymouth, Devon. 01.05.07 (Public Location) SX5335551450Puccinia circaeae - A Rust Fungus     leaf underside     leaf uppersideOn Circaea lutetiana (Enchanter's Nightshade). Johnson's Creek, Leigham, Plymouth, Devon. 27.08.07 (Private Location)Puccinia galii-cruciatae - Crosswort Brand     leaf under close-up     leaf upper close-upOn Cruciata laevipes (Crosswort). Billacombe Down, Billacombe, Plymouth, Devon. 16.04.07 (Public Location) SX5177854117Puccinia hieracii var. hieracii - A Rust Fungus     underside     close-upOn Taraxacum officinale agg. (Dandelion). Wasdale Gardens, Estover, Plymouth, Devon. 12.11.07 (Private Location)Puccinia iridis - Iris BrandOn Iris foetidissima (Gladdon / Stinking Iris). Court Wood, Newton Ferrers, Devon. 10.04.07 (Public Location) SX5392348242Puccinia lagenophorae - Cineraria RustOn Senecio vulgare (Groundsel). Blagdon's Meadow, Embankment Road, Plymouth, Devon. 22.06.06 (Public Location) SX501550 Puccinia lapsanae - A Rust Fungus     leaf underside     leaf underside close-upOn Lapsana communis (Nipplewort). Warleigh Point Nature Reserve, Tamerton Foliot, Devon. 12.07.06 (Public Location) SX4468260897Puccinia malvacearum - Mallow and Hollyhock Rust     leaf underside     close-upOn Malva sylvestris (Common Mallow). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 07.04.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Puccinia oxalidis - Oxalis Rust     leaf underside     leaf under close-upOn Oxalis articulata (Pink Sorrel). Churchyard,  Wembury, nr. Plymouth, Devon. 17.04.07 (Public Location) SX5182348487Puccinia pelargonii-zonalis - Pelargonium Rust     leaf upperside     close-upOn Pelargonium zonale (Geranium). Private garden, St. Budeaux, Plymouth, Devon. 02.05.07 (Private Location) SX4472758475Puccinia phragmitis - A Rust Fungus     leaf above     close-upOn Rumex sp. (Dock). Cycletrack, Bude Canal, Bude, Cornwall. 03.06.07 (Public Location) SS2113205222Puccinia poarum - A Rust Fungus     leaf underside     fungus close-up     lf. upperside close-upOn Tussilago farfara (Coltsfoot). Grass verge, nr. Estover Ind. Est., Estover, Plymouth, Devon. 07.06.07 (Public Location) SX5153359422Puccinia polygoni-amphibii var. convolvuli - A Rust Fungus     leaf below     close-upOn Fallopia convolvulus (Black Bindweed). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 09.09.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Puccinia primulae - Primrose Rust     leaf upperside     leaf underside     leaf underside close-upOn Primula vulgaris (Primrose). Cyclepath, Chittleburn Hill, nr. Brixton, Plymouth, Devon. 17.04.07 (Public Location) SX5413352682Puccinia punctiformis - Thistle Rust     leaf underside     leaf upperside     plant heavily infectedOn Cirsium arvense (Creeping Thistle). Cyclepath, Chittleburn Hill, nr. Brixton, Plymouth, Devon. 17.04.07 (Public Location) SX5409852362Puccinia saniculae - Sanicle Rust     leaf underside     close-upOn Sanicula europaea (Sanicle). Bircham Valley LNR, Estover, Plymouth, Devon. 22.04.07 (Public Location) SX4999859247Puccinia sessilis - Ramson and Arum Rust     leaf upperside     leaf underside     leaf close-up     magnified     flower front     flower reverseOn Arum maculatum (Lords and Ladies / Cuckoo Pint). Riverside, Longbridge, Plymouth, Devon. 14.04.07 (Public Location) SX5181057033Puccinia smyrnii - Alexanders Rust     leaf     close-up     seed headOn Smyrnium olusatrum (Alexanders). Hope's Nose, Torquay, Devon. 28.03.07 (Public Location) SX9447963572Puccinia umbilici - Pennywort Brand     close-up     leaf uppersideOn Umbilicus rupestris (Wall Pennywort). South facing bank. South end of Plymbridge Road, Plym Bridge, Plymouth, Devon. 15.03.07 (Public Location) SX5144858677Puccinia vincae - Periwrinkle Brand     close-up of older leafOn Vinca major (Greater Periwrinkle). Seaton Beach, Seaton, nr. Downderry, Cornwall. 09.04.07 (Public Location) SX3053754232Puccinia violae - Violet Rust     close-upOn Viola riviniana (Wood Violet). Plym Bridge, Plymouth, Devon. 04.04.07 (Public Location) SX5241858637Puccinia sp. (possibly either Puccinia coronata, P. striiformis or P. hordei) - A Rust FungusOn Holcus lanatus (Yorkshire Fog). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 26.05.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Pucciniastrum epilobii - Willowherb / Fuchsia Rust     leaf uppersideOn Epilobium sp. (Willow-herb). Cann Viaduct, Plym Woods, Plymouth, Devon. 20.05.07 (Public Location) SX5229359572Uromyces anthyllidis - A Rust Fungus     leaf upperside     leaf undersideOn Trifolium dubium (Lesser Trefoil). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 13.05.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Uromyces beticola - Beet Rust ?     close-upOn Beta vulgaris var. cicla (Swiss Chard). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 29.04.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Uromyces geranii - A Rust Fungus     leaf upperside     leaf underside close-upOn Geranium pyrenaicum (Hedgerow Crane's-bill). Longbridge, Plymouth, Devon. 15.05.07 (Public Location) SX5206856822Uromyces muscari - Bluebell Rust (lf. upper)     lf. under     close-upOn Hyacinthoides non-scriptus (Bluebell). Warleigh Point Nature Reserve, Tamerton Foliot, Plymouth, Devon. 01.04.07 (Public Location) SX4468260897Uromyces polygoni-avicularis - Knotgrass Rust ?     close-upOn Polygonum arenastrum (Equal-leaved Knotgrass). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 19.08.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Uromyces striatus - Alfalfa Rust     leaf upperside     leavesOn Medicago arabica (Spotted Medick). Boringdon Park, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon. 29.04.07 (Private Location) SX5293857952Uromyces transversalis ? - Gladiolus Rust     close-upOn Tritonia disticha var. rubroluscens (Tritonia). The African Garden, Plymouth, Devon. 27.04.07 (Private Location) SX5068258695RaveneliaceaeTriphragmium ulmariae - Meadowsweet Rust     close-upOn Filipendula ulmaria (Meadowsweet). Forder Valley LNR, Leigham, Plymouth, Devon. 27.03.07 (Public Location) SX5069058198An Introduction to the Fungi Photo GalleriesMushrooms and Toadstools  (Homobasidiomycetes)A   B   C   D-G   H   I-K   L   M   N-Q   R   S-ZVarious Other FungiBracket Fungi (Polyporales) and Other Related FungiEarth Fans and Tooth Fungi (Thelephorales)Coral Spots, Bark Spots and the Candle Snuff FamilyPuffballs, Earthballs and Bird's NestsStinkhorns (Phallales)Clubs, Corals and Cups (Ascomycetes)Saddles and Morels (Ascomycetes)Jelly Fungi (Heterobasidiomycetes)Rusts (Basidiomycota)Smuts and other BasidiomycotaOther FungiOther GalleriesThe Slime Mould Gallery   The Lichen GalleryHelp NeededFungi to IdentifyOther LinksFungi on the InternetContact Details     References     Copyright PolicySITE MAP     HOMEPAGE + نوشته شده در شنبه ۴ خرداد ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 3:38 AM توسط مریم | + نوشته شده در شنبه ۴ خرداد ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 3:6 AM توسط مریم |Chytridiomycota - Blastocladiales - zoospore of Allomyces (phase contrast illumination)   X 2000Chytridiomycota - Chytridiales - eucarpic thallus of Rhizophydium in culture   X 500Chytridiomycota - Chytridiales - Chytridium lagenaria: sporangium developing on a pollen grain of Pinus.  Time lapse sequence   X 500Chytridiales - Chytridium releasing uniflagellate zoospores   X 500 Chytridiales - Chytridium - empty sporangium on pine pollen grain.   X 500Chytridiomycota - Chytridiales - wart of potato caused by Synchytrium endobioticum   X 1/3Chytridiomycota - Chytridiales - sporangia of a eucarpic chytrid on the green alga, Spirogyra   X 100Chytridiomycota - Chytridiales - sporangia of a chytrid on Ceratium, a planktonic dinoflagellate   X 200Oomycota - Saprolegniales - broad hyphae of Achlya growing from a hemp seed and producing, (1) long, white asexual zoosporangia and (2) round white sexual oogonia   X 8 Oomycota -Saprolegniales - zoosporangia.    X 400This and the slide above were submitted by Correspondence students in course Biology 422 as part of an assignment.Oomycota - Saprolegniales - an oogonium containing several eggs.  Note the basal septum, and the thin-walled zones that facilitate penetration by antheridia. (Nomarski interference-contrast illumination).   X 400Oomycota - Peronosporales - vertical section through a sorus of Albugo producing chains of unicellular asexual sporangia from a basal layer of sporangiophores.   X 200Oomycota - Peronosporales - sporangiophore of Peronospora with attached sporangia   X 200Oomycota - Peronosporales - downy mildew of grape caused by Plasmopara viticola   X 1/3Oomycota - Peronosporales - branched aerial sporangiophore of Plasmopara viticola   X 200Oomycota - Peronosporales - vines near Beaune, France,  sprayed with a derivative of Bordeaux Mixture to prevent downy mildewOomycota - Peronosporales - late blight of potato caused by Phytophthora infestansOomycota - Peronosporales - the aerial sporangiophores of Phytophthora emerging from the potato leaves - a drawing made in 1847Oomycota - Peronosporales - Phytophthora infestans - destitute Irish girls gleaning for food at the height of the potato famine - 1847Oomycota - Peronosporales - Phytophthora infestans - people preparing to leave Ireland forever dueing the potato famine.Oomycota - Peronosporales - Phytophthora infestans.   Monument to 187 Irish would-be immigrants to Canada, fleeing from the potato famine, who drowned just off the Gaspe Peninsula in 1847.Oomycota - Peronosporales - blue mould of tobacco caused by Peronospora tabacina   X 1/4Oomycota - Peronosporales - a branched aerial sporangiophore of Peronospora tabacina.   X 200 + نوشته شده در دوشنبه ۳۰ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 2:38 AM توسط مریم |AlternariaThe dark brown spores are borne in simple or branched chains from the tips of simple dark conidiophores and are divided into several cells by transverse and vertical walls. New spores are produced by the extrusion of wall material through a pore at the tip of the previous spore. Commonly isolated from decaying plant materials; also causing plant diseases. Spores of Alternaria species are dispersed by air currents and are usually a major component of outdoor air. Holomorphs: Clathrospora, Leptosphaeria, Pleospora, Pyrenophora. Refs: Ellis 1971, 1976; Joly 1964.AspergillusThe U.S. Government's Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] lists the following Aspergillus species as all being allergens and irritants and a cause of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and Dermatitis: Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceus, and Aspergillus versicolor.AureobasidiumAureobasidium is a known Type I and Type III allergen that can sometimes cause infections in the human skin, nails, and eyes. The U.S. Government's Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] lists both Aureobasidium and Aureobasidium pullulans as an allergen and irritant, and as a cause of Hypersensitivity pneumonitis and Dermatitis.ChaetomiumChaetomium is a dematiaceous filamentous fungus found in soil, air, and plant debris. As well as being a contaminant, Chaetomium spp. are also encountered as causative agents of infections in humans. Some species are thermophilic and neurotropic in nature. Chaetomium spp. are among the fungi causing infections wholly referred to as phaeohyphomycosis. Fatal deep mycoses due to Chaetomium atrobrunneum have been reported in an immunocompromised host. Brain abscess, peritonitis, cutaneous lesions, and onychomycosis may also develop due to Chaetomium spp.[from http://www.doctorfungus.org ]CladosporiumThe U.S. Government's Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] lists the following as the health effects of Cladospotium mold: Allergen, Irritant, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Dermatitis. Cladosporium is a dematiaceous (pigmented) mold widely distributed in air and rotten organic material and frequently isolated as a contaminant on foods. Some species are predominant in tropical and subtropical regions. Also, some Cladosporium spp. were isolated from fish and were associated with findings of infection. ExserohilumExserohilum species are common environmental molds found in soil and on plants, especially grasses. Several species have been reported as agents of phaeohyphomycosis, notably E. rostratum (= E. halodes), E. meginnisii and E. longirostratum. Clinical manifestations include mycotic keratitis, subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis, endocarditis, osteomyelitis and sinusitis in both normal and immunosuppressed patients. The U.S. Government's Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] lists the following as the health effects of Exserohilum mold: Allergen, Irritant, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Dermatitis. FusariumFusarium is a filamentous fungus widely distributed on plants and in the soil. It is found in normal mycoflora of commodities, such as rice, bean, soybean, and other crops. While most species are more common at tropical and subtropical areas, some inhabit in soil in cold climates. Some Fusarium species have a teleomorphic state.As well as being a common contaminant and a well-known plant pathogen, Fusarium species  may cause various infections in humans. Fusarium is one of the emerging causes of opportunistic mycoses.MicrosporumMicrosporum species particularly infect the hair and skin, except for Microsporum persicolor which does not infect the hair.  The pathogenesis of the infection depends on the natural reservoir of the species in such a way that the geophilic species are acquired through contact with soil, zoophilic species are transmitted from the infected animal, and direct or indirect human – to – human transmission is of concern for anthropophilic species. Infections involving the nails are rare.  Immunocompromised patients are infected as well as the otherwise healthy hosts.MucorThe U.S Government’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration [OSHA] lists the following as the health effects of Mucor: Allergen, Irritant, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Dermatitis.Mucor is a dangerous mold that can adversely affect one's respiratory system. It is a possible cause of the dangerous mold disease zygomycosis.  For those of you who watched the very disturbing feature on the Ripley's Believe It or Not cable TV show about a man's face [eyes, nose, cheeks, and everything else between his mouth and his forehead] having been eaten away by a mold that began to grow in the man's sinus cavities, the flesh-eating mold that ate his face was actually the very unhealthy mold Mucor!PenicilliumPenicillium spp. are occasional causes of infection in humans and the resulting disease is known generically as penicilliosis. Penicilliosis is an infection caused by Penicillium marneffei, a dimorphic fungus endemic to Southeast Asia and the southern part of China. Persons affected by penicilliosis usually have AIDS with low CD4+ cell count of typically Penicillium marneffei infections have also been reported in non-AIDS patients with hematological malignancies and those receiving immunosuppressive therapy.RhinocladiellaRhinocladiella is a cosmopolitan fungus which can be found in soil, herbaceous substrates, and decaying wood.  To date, there are only three cases of subcutaneous infection that have been reported as caused by Rhinocladiella aquaspersa.RhizopusRhizopus is a cosmopolitan filamentous fungus frequently isolated from soil, decaying fruit and vegetables, animal feces, and old bread. Aside from being known as common contaminants, Rhizopus species are also occasional causes of serious, and often fatal, infections in humans.  Certain species are plant pathogens as well.Rhizopus species are among the fungi causing the group of infections referred to as zygomycosis.  Zygomycosis is now the preferred term over mucormycosis for this angio – invasive disease.  Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common cause of zygomycosis and is followed by Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis.Zygomycosis infection includes mucocutaneous, rhinocerebral, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, pulmonary, and disseminated infections.  The most frequent predisposing factors for zygomycosis include diabetic ketoacidosis and immunosuppression due to various reasons, such as organ transplantation and other factors such as desferoxamine treatment, renal failure, extensive burns, trauma, and intravenous drug use which may also predispose to development of zygomycosis.  Heatstroke has been described as a risk factor for disseminated zygomycosis as well.  Contaminated adhesive tapes and wooden tongue depressors have been reported to lead to nosocomial outbreaks of zygomycosis.  Vascular invasion that causes necrosis of the infected tissue, and perineural invasion are the most frustrating features of these infections. Zygomycosis is frequently considered as fatal infection. (Image Courtesy of www.doctorfungus.org @ 2005) Rhinocerebral zygomycosis caused by Rhizopus oryzae extensive involvement of the orbit and associated MRI image. Trichoderma species are usually considered as non – pathogenic, on the other hand, Trichoderma viride has been reported as a causative agent of pulmonary infection, peritonitis in a dialysis patient, and perihepatic infection in a liver transplant patient.  Trichoderma infections are opportunistic in nature and develop in immunocompromised patients, such as neutropenic cases and transplant patients, as well as those with chronic renal failure, chronic lung disease, or amyloidosis.  Disseminated infections due to Trichoderma have also been reported.  + نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 8:1 PM توسط مریم | + نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 7:52 PM توسط مریم | + نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 7:48 PM توسط مریم | HelicosporesHelicosporium sp. StaurosporesTripospermum sp. SporesBeauveria sp. Phialides at the topof a thin and septate conidiophorePenicillium sp. Cluster of spores at the topof rectilinear phialidesAcremonium sp. Gymnothecia of Ctenomyces serratusPeridial hyphaeSeen from the sky + نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 7:41 PM توسط مریم | + نوشته شده در سه شنبه ۲۴ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 7:37 PM توسط مریم | FungiPassionfruit powdery mildew Oidium passiflorae J. Politis Ascomycetes, Erysiphales StatusExotic (but present in Australia)   fructifications-LM Caption: Oidium passiflorae on Passiflora foetida (VPRI 20581). (a-c) Lobed or hooked mycelial appressorium (arrow). (d-f) Conidiophores and lobed mycelial appressorium (arrow). (g-k) conidiophores. (l) conidium. (m-s) Germinated conidium. (Bar = 10 µm). Source: Liberato (2006) DPI&F The fungus: On living leaves. Mycelium epiphyllous. Hyphae branched, septate, sub-straight to flexuous, hyaline, cells 30―68 × 4―6 μm, mycelial appressoria multilobed, individually or in pairs. Conidiophores produced from the external mycelium, hyaline, smooth, septate, foot-cells usually straight, 16―60 × 5―8 μm, followed by (0―) 1―2 cells. The second cell of conidiophore is 10―40 × 6―10 μm and they are usually wider than the foot-cell. Conidia produced singly at the apex of the conidiophores, cylindrical or doliiform, 24―44 × 10―17 μm, l/w ratio 1.5―3.5, hyaline, smooth. Germ tube, one at shoulder of the conidium, rarely two, small (up to 1 × the length of the conidium), ending in a lobed or apically swollen appressorium. Teleomorph: unknown (Liberato 2006). Note: Braun (1998) reported hyphal cells 2.5―5 μm wide, foot-cells 15-50 x 4-10 μm and conidia 25-55 x 10-18 μm.  + نوشته شده در یکشنبه ۲۲ اردیبهشت ۱۳۸۷ ساعت 4:12 AM توسط مریم |

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