IMF eLibrary

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Web Name: IMF eLibrary

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Dismiss this warning AREAER Online IMF.org Bookstore IMF Data MCM Data Browse Topics Business and Economics Agribusiness Banks and Banking Budgeting Corporate Finance Corporate Governance Corporate Taxation Crowdfunding Econometrics Economic Development Economic Theory Economics: General Environmental Economics Exports and Imports Finance: General Financial Risk Management Forecasting Foreign Exchange Globalization Industries: Automobile Industries: Energy Industries: Fashion and Textile Industries: Financial Services Industries: Food Industries: General Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism Industries: Information Technololgy Industries: Manufacturing Industries: Service Inflation Information Management Infrastructure Insurance International Economics International Taxation Investments: Bonds Investments: Commodities Investments: Derivatives Investments: Energy Investments: Futures Investments: General Investments: Metals Investments: Mutual Funds Investments: Options Investments: 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Outlook World Economic Outlook Notes and Manuals Analytical Notes FinTech Notes Gobal Financial Stability Notes Glossary IMF How To Notes Manuals Guides Spillover Notes Staff Climate Notes Staff Discussion Notes Tax Law Technical Note Technical Notes and Manuals Official Reports and Documents Annual Report of the Executive Board Articles of Agreement By Laws, Rules Regulations IMF Speeches Independent Evaluation Office Reports Selected Decisions Selected Legal and Institutional Papers Series Summary Proceedings Periodicals Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions Finance Development IMF Research Bulletin IMF Research Perspectives About About us Contact Us Content Directory Frequently Asked Questions IMF eLibrary Startup Guide Resources Brochures and Posters Corrections Essential Reading Metadata Rights and Permissions Log in IMF Sites IMF.org Bookstore AREAER Online IMF Data MCM Data Browse Topics Business and Economics Computers Health and Fitness Law Medical Nature Political Science Science Social Science Technology and Engineering Transportation Agribusiness Banks and Banking Budgeting Corporate Finance Corporate Governance Corporate Taxation Crowdfunding Econometrics Economic Development Economic Theory Economics: General Environmental Economics Exports and Imports Finance: General Financial Risk Management Forecasting Foreign Exchange Globalization Industries: Automobile Industries: Energy Industries: Fashion and Textile Industries: Financial Services Industries: Food Industries: General Industries: Hospital,Travel and Tourism Industries: Information Technololgy Industries: Manufacturing Industries: Service Inflation Information Management Infrastructure Insurance International Economics International Taxation Investments: Bonds Investments: Commodities Investments: Derivatives Investments: Energy Investments: Futures Investments: General Investments: Metals Investments: Mutual Funds Investments: Options Investments: Stocks Islamic Banking and Finance Labor Macroeconomics Money and Monetary Policy Natural Resource Extraction Personal Finance -Taxation Production and Operations Management Public Finance Real Estate Statistics Sustainable Development Taxation Urban and Regional Intelligence (AI) Semantics Cloud Computing Computer Science Data Processing Data Transmission Systems Databases Internet: General Management Information Systems Online Safety Privacy Web Services APIs Web: Social Media Diet and Nutrition Diseases: Contagious Diseases: AIDS and HIV Diseases: Respiratory Banking Business and Financial Health Policy Natural Resources Environmental Conservation and Protection Natural Disasters Environmental Policy Social Services and Welfare Agriculture Food Policy Civics and Citizenship NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) National and International Security Political Economy Energy Women's Studies Criminology Demography Emigration and Immigration Gender Studies Poverty and Homelessness Automation Inventions Mobile and Wireless Communications Aviation Countries Africa Asia and Pacific Europe Middle East and Central Asia Western Hemisphere Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cabo Verde Cameroon Central African Republic Chad Comoros, Union of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Equatorial Guinea, Republic of Eritrea, The State of Eswatini, Kingdom of Ethiopia, The Federal Democratic Republic of Gabon Gambia, The Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Kenya Lesotho, Kingdom of Liberia Madagascar, Republic of Malawi Mali Mauritius Mozambique, Republic of Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone South Africa South Sudan, Republic of Tanzania, United Republic of Togo Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Australia Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Darussalam Cambodia China, People's Republic of Cook Islands Fiji, Republic of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China India Indonesia Japan Kiribati Korea, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Republic of Lao People's Democratic Republic Macao Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China Malaysia Maldives Marshall Islands, Republic of the Micronesia, Federated States of Mongolia Myanmar Nauru, Republic of Nepal New Zealand Palau, Republic of Papua New Guinea Philippines Samoa Singapore Solomon Islands Sri Lanka Taiwan, Province of China Thailand Timor-Leste, Democratic Republic of Tokelau Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu Vietnam land Islands Albania Andorra, Principality of Austria Belarus, Republic of Belgium Bermuda Bosnia and Herzegovina British Virgin Islands Bulgaria Cayman Islands Croatia, Republic of Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia, Republic of Faroe Islands Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia Germany Gibraltar Greece Greenland Guernsey Holy See Hungary Iceland Ireland Isle of Man Israel Italy Jersey Kosovo, Republic of Latvia, Republic of Liechtenstein Lithuania, Republic of Luxembourg Malta Mayotte Moldova, Republic of Monaco Montenegro Netherlands, The New Caledonia North Macedonia, Republic of Norway Poland, Republic of Portugal Romania Russian Federation San Marino, Republic of Serbia, Republic of Slovak Republic Slovenia, Republic of Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Turks and Caicos Islands Ukraine United Kingdom Wallis and Futuna Islands Afghanistan, Islamic Republic of Algeria Armenia, Republic of Azerbaijan, Republic of Bahrain, Kingdom of Djibouti Egypt, Arab Republic of Georgia Iran, Islamic Republic of Iraq Jordan Kazakhstan, Republic of Kuwait Kyrgyz Republic Lebanon Libya Mauritania, Islamic Republic of Morocco Oman Pakistan Qatar Saudi Arabia Somalia Sudan Syrian Arab Republic Tajikistan, Republic of Tunisia Turkmenistan United Arab Emirates Uzbekistan, Republic of Yemen, Republic of American Samoa Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Aruba Bahamas, The Barbados Belize Bolivia Brazil Canada Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Curacao Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Grenada Guatemala Guyana Haiti Honduras Jamaica Mexico Montserrat Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Puerto Rico St. Martin St. Kitts and Nevis St. Lucia St. Vincent and the Grenadines Suriname Trinidad and Tobago United States Uruguay Venezuela Series Archived Series Books and Analytical Papers Flagships Notes and Manuals Official Reports and Documents Periodicals Balance of Payments Statistics Direction of Trade Statistics Economic Issues Government Finance Statistics IMF Policy Discussion Papers IMF Special Issues IMF Staff Papers IMF Staff Position Notes IMF Survey International Financial Statistics Occasional Papers Pamphlet Series Seminar Volumes World Economic and Financial Surveys Books Departmental Papers IMF Staff Country Reports IMF Working Papers Miscellaneous Publications Per Jacobsson lecture Policy Papers External Sector Report Fiscal Monitor Global Financial Stability Report Regional Economic Outlook World Economic Outlook Analytical Notes FinTech Notes Gobal Financial Stability Notes Glossary IMF How To Notes Manuals Guides Spillover Notes Staff Climate Notes Staff Discussion Notes Tax Law Technical Note Technical Notes and Manuals Annual Report of the Executive Board Articles of Agreement By Laws, Rules Regulations IMF Speeches Independent Evaluation Office Reports Selected Decisions Selected Legal and Institutional Papers Series Summary Proceedings Annual Report on Exchange Arrangements and Exchange Restrictions Finance Development IMF Research Bulletin IMF Research Perspectives Resources Brochures and Posters Corrections Essential Reading Metadata Rights and Permissions About About us Contact Us Content Directory Frequently Asked Questions IMF eLibrary Startup Guide Search World Economic Outlook, October 2021: Recovery During a Pandemic

The global economy is projected to grow 5.9 percent in 2021 and 4.9 percent in 2022, 0.1 percentage point lower for 2021 than in the July forecast. The global economic recovery is continuing, even as the pandemic resurges. The fault lines opened up by COVID-19 are looking more persistentnear-term divergences are expected to leave lasting imprints on medium-term performance. Vaccine access and early policy support are the principal drivers of the gaps.

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Global Financial Stability Report, October 2021: COVID-19, Crypto, and Climate: Navigating Challenging Transitions

Financial stability risks have been contained so far, reflecting ongoing policy support and a rebound in the global economy earlier this year. Chapter 1 explains that financial conditions have eased further in net in advanced economies but changed little in emerging markets. Chapter 2 discusses the opportunities and challenges of the crypto ecosystem. Chapter 3 shows that sustainable funds can support the global transition to a green economy but must be scaled up to have a major impact.

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Fiscal Report, October 2021: Policy in an Uncertain Recovery

Chapter 1 discusses fiscal policies amidst an uncertain and uneven recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Chapter 2 explains how committing to sound public finances, with a credible set of rules and institutions to guide fiscal policy, can help governments address challenges as they try to recover from the pandemic.

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2021 IMF Annual Report: Build Forward Better

The recently published 2021 IMF Annual Report looks back at the unprecedented challenges of the past year and the extraordinary response to support the global economy. During FY21, the IMF lent $98 billion to 54 countries, provided 36 country health checks, and allocated $251 million for technical advice, policy-oriented training, and peer learning.

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No Time to Waste

Check out the special issue on climate, produced in partnership with the UN Climate Change Conference, featuring a diverse range of voices from academics, policymakers, the private sector, and youth activists.

We have no time to waste. As we look ahead to COP26, we must be ready to move decisivelytogether. We know what must be done; now we must do. - Kristalina Georgieva, Managing Direcor, IMF

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Guidance Note for Fund Staff on the Treatment and Use of SDR Allocations

This Note provides guidance for staff on the treatment and use of allocations of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). It presents a consistent framework for IMF country teams to assess the macroeconomic implications of the SDR allocation at the country level, covering the following areas: Statistical and accounting treatment. General macroeconomic implications and advice. Debt sustainability analysis. Transparency and accountability. Reserve management. Implications for Fund-supported programs.

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2021 External Sector Report: Divergent Recoveries and Global Imbalances

Overall current account deficits and surpluses widened in 2020 to 3.2 percent of world GDP. The IMFs multilateral approach suggests that global excessive imbalanceswere broadly unchanged in 2020 at about 1.2 percent of world GDP. The external outlook for2021 is highly uncertain given the divergent economic prospects across countries.

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The Global Informal Workforce: Priorities for Inclusive Growth

The Global Informal Workforce is a fresh look at the informal economy around the world and its impact on the macroeconomy. The book covers interactions between the informal economy, labor and product markets, gender equality, fiscal institutions and outcomes, social protection, and financial inclusion. Informality is a widespread and persistent phenomenon that affects how fast economies can grow, develop, and provide decent economic opportunities for their populations. The COVID-19 pandemic has helped to uncover the vulnerabilities of the informal workforce.

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Show All Hide All Show All Hide All Essential Reading February 20, 2021 COVID-19

New updates to the COVID-19 Essential Reading Guide! Curated research and information on the impact of COVID-19, strategies for recovery and the IMF’s response to the pandemic.

December 8, 2020 Fintech

New Fintech Essential Reading Guide provides key research on the latest trends in digital currency, mobile payments and the financial system.

December 8, 2020 Capital Flows

New updates to the Capital Flows Essential Reading Guide! One-click access to selected publications on trends and analysis of global capital flows.

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