Science Advances

Time 2020-10-14 14:05:26

Web Name: Science Advances

WebSite: http://advances.sciencemag.org

ID:81884

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October 2020 Vol 6, Issue 41ContentsResearch Articles Spatial localization of charged molecules by salt ions in oil-confined water microdroplets By SangMoon Lhee, Jae Kyoo Lee, Jooyoun Kang, Shota Kato, Sunhee Kim, Richard N. Zare, Hong Gil Nam Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eaba0181 Open Access Salt ions promote heterogeneous localization of charged molecules toward the interface of aqueous microdroplets in oil. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Evolution and effects of the social-ecological system over a millennium in China’s Loess Plateau By Xutong Wu, Yongping Wei, Bojie Fu, Shuai Wang, Yan Zhao, Emilio F. Moran Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc0276 Open Access The evolutionary phases of the social-ecological system in China’s Loess Plateau over a millennium are identified. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Self-regulated hirudin delivery for anticoagulant therapy By Xiao Xu, Xuechao Huang, Ying Zhang, Shiyang Shen, Zhizi Feng, He Dong, Can Zhang, Ran Mo Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc0382 Open Access Polymeric nanogel with on-demand release of hirudin prevents and inhibits clot formation. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Potassium isotope anomalies in meteorites inherited from the protosolar molecular cloud By Y. Ku, S. B. Jacobsen Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabd0511 Open Access Potassium, a moderately volatile element, shows presolar isotopic heterogeneity in meteorites. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Designing hierarchical nanoporous membranes for highly efficient gas adsorption and storage By Haiyan Mao, Jing Tang, Jun Chen, Jiayu Wan, Kaipeng Hou, Yucan Peng, David M. Halat, Liangang Xiao, Rufan Zhang, Xudong Lv, Ankun Yang, Yi Cui, Jeffrey A. Reimer Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb0694 Open Access Hierarchical membranes with a “meatball sandwich” structure promise high adsorption capacities for VOC removal and H2 storage. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Self-standing and flexible covalent organic framework (COF) membranes for molecular separation By Jiangtao Liu, Gang Han, Dieling Zhao, Kangjia Lu, Jie Gao, Tai-Shung Chung Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb1110 Open Access 2D COFs fabricated from interface-confined reaction have the honeycomb lattice for nanofiltration. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Cortical and striatal circuits together encode transitions in natural behavior By Joel Sjöbom, Martin Tamtè, Pär Halje, Ivani Brys, Per Petersson Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc1173 Open Access Corticostriatal circuits encode action sequencing in natural behavior. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Molecular origin of negative component of Helmholtz capacitance at electrified Pt(111)/water interface By Jia-Bo Le, Qi-Yuan Fan, Jie-Qiong Li, Jun Cheng Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb1219 Open Access Change in water chemisorption in response to electrode potential leads to negative capacitance in electric double layer. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials What sets river width? By Kieran B. J. Dunne, Douglas J. Jerolmack Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc1505 Open Access The width of river channels is controlled by the resistance to erosion of the most difficult to erode material lining the channel. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Coherent Förster resonance energy transfer: A new paradigm for electrically driven quantum dot random lasers By Tien-Lin Shen, Han-Wen Hu, Wei-Ju Lin, Yu-Ming Liao, Tzu-Pei Chen, Yu-Kuang Liao, Tai-Yuan Lin, Yang-Fang Chen Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eaba1705 Open Access A previously unexplored paradigm enables electrically driven quantum dot random lasers. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Electrically controllable router of interlayer excitons By Yuanda Liu, Kévin Dini, Qinghai Tan, Timothy Liew, Kostya S. Novoselov, Weibo Gao Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eaba1830 Open Access Electrically controllable excitonic transistor and router based on bilayer WSe2 have been demonstrated. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Solar irradiance and ENSO affect food security in Lake Tanganyika, a major African inland fishery By M. M. McGlue, S. J. Ivory, J. R. Stone, A. S. Cohen, T. M. Kamulali, J. C. Latimer, M. A. Brannon, I. A. Kimirei, M. J. Soreghan Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb2191 Open Access Geochemical and paleoecological data reveal that solar irradiance and La Niña control Lake Tanganyika’s pelagic food web. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Fine structural tuning of the assembly of ECM peptide conjugates via slight sequence modifications By Jingya Qin, Jennifer D. Sloppy, Kristi L. Kiick Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabd3033 Open Access The thermoresponsiveness and structures of peptide-based nanocarriers can be altered to enable versatile mechanisms of cargo delivery. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Heterogeneous mass distribution of the rubble-pile asteroid (101955) Bennu By D. J. Scheeres, A. S. French, P. Tricarico, S. R. Chesley, Y. Takahashi, D. Farnocchia, J. W. McMahon, D. N. Brack, A. B. Davis, R.-L. Ballouz, E. R. Jawin, B. Rozitis, J. P. Emery, A. J. Ryan, R. S. Park, B. P. Rush, N. Mastrodemos, B. M. Kennedy, J. Bellerose, D. P. Lubey, D. Velez, A. T. Vaughan, J. M. Leonard, J. Geeraert, B. Page, P. Antreasian, E. Mazarico, K. Getzandanner, D. Rowlands, M. C. Moreau, J. Small, D. E. Highsmith, S. Goossens, E. E. Palmer, J. R. Weirich, R. W. Gaskell, O. S. Barnouin, M. G. Daly, J. A. Seabrook, M. M. Al Asad, L. C. Philpott, C. L. Johnson, C. M. Hartzell, V. E. Hamilton, P. Michel, K. J. Walsh, M. C. Nolan, D. S. Lauretta Science Advances08 Oct 2020 : eabc3350 Open Access The asteroid (101955) Bennu has a heterogeneous internal mass distribution with an underdense center and equatorial bulge. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Extrinsic noise prevents the independent tuning of gene expression noise and protein mean abundance in bacteria By A. Deloupy, V. Sauveplane, J. Robert, S. Aymerich, M. Jules, L. Robert Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc3478 Open Access Gene expression noise cannot be tuned independently of protein mean abundance for most bacterial genes. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Hemispherical differences in the shape and topography of asteroid (101955) Bennu By M. G. Daly, O. S. Barnouin, J. A. Seabrook, J. Roberts, C. Dickinson, K. J. Walsh, E. R. Jawin, E. E. Palmer, R. Gaskell, J. Weirich, T. Haltigin, D. Gaudreau, C. Brunet, G. Cunningham, P. Michel, Y. Zhang, R.-L. Ballouz, G. Neumann, M. E. Perry, L. Philpott, M. M. Al Asad, C. L. Johnson, C. D. Adam, J. M. Leonard, J. L. Geeraert, K. Getzandanner, M. C. Nolan, R. T. Daly, E. B. Bierhaus, E. Mazarico, B. Rozitis, A. J. Ryan, D. N. Dellaguistina, B. Rizk, H. C. M. Susorney, H. L. Enos, D. S. Lauretta Science Advances08 Oct 2020 : eabd3649 Open Access A lidar model of asteroid (101955) Bennu has a north-south asymmetry in shape and evidence of an early partial disruption. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Asteroid (101955) Bennu’s weak boulders and thermally anomalous equator By B. Rozitis, A. J. Ryan, J. P. Emery, P. R. Christensen, V. E. Hamilton, A. A. Simon, D. C. Reuter, M. Al Asad, R.-L. Ballouz, J. L. Bandfield, O. S. Barnouin, C. A. Bennett, M. Bernacki, K. N. Burke, S. Cambioni, B. E. Clark, M. G. Daly, M. Delbo, D. N. DellaGiustina, C. M. Elder, R. D. Hanna, C. W. Haberle, E. S. Howell, D. R. Golish, E. R. Jawin, H. H. Kaplan, L. F. Lim, J. L. Molaro, D. Pino Munoz, M. C. Nolan, B. Rizk, M. A. Siegler, H. C. M. Susorney, K. J. Walsh, D. S. Lauretta Science Advances08 Oct 2020 : eabc3699 Open Access Heterogeneous thermal properties of Bennu are due primarily to spatial mixing of two boulder types with differing strengths. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Spatial inequalities leave micropolitan areas and Indigenous populations underserved by informal STEM learning institutions By Rachel A. Short, Rhonda Struminger, Jill Zarestky, James Pippin, Minna Wong, Lauren Vilen, A. Michelle Lawing Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb3819 Open Access Investments in informal STEM should target underserved counties to reach populations underrepresented in STEM careers. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Early development of the Neanderthal ribcage reveals a different body shape at birth compared to modern humans By Daniel García-Martínez, Markus Bastir, Asier Gómez-Olivencia, Bruno Maureille, Liubov Golovanova, Vladimir Doronichev, Takeru Akazawa, Osamu Kondo, Hajime Ishida, Dominic Gascho, Christoph P. E. Zollikofer, Marcia Ponce de León, Yann Heuzé Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb4377 Open Access Neanderthal infants had a short and deep ribcage that was genetically determined and able to sustain the high metabolism of their massive bodies. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Multichannel parallel processing of neural signals in memristor arrays By Zhengwu Liu, Jianshi Tang, Bin Gao, Xinyi Li, Peng Yao, Yudeng Lin, Dingkun Liu, Bo Hong, He Qian, Huaqiang Wu Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc4797 Open Access Memristor array provides a scalable and power-efficient platform for parallel processing of multichannel neural signals. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Dole effect as a measurement of the low-latitude hydrological cycle over the past 800 ka By Enqing Huang, Pinxian Wang, Yue Wang, Mi Yan, Jun Tian, Shihan Li, Wentao Ma Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eaba4823 Open Access Changes in the isotope composition of atmospheric O2 are mainly controlled by rainfall intensity over tropical lands. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Injectable, photoresponsive hydrogels for delivering neuroprotective proteins enabled by metal-directed protein assembly By Bojing Jiang, Xiaotian Liu, Chao Yang, Zhongguang Yang, Jiren Luo, Songzi Kou, Kai Liu, Fei Sun Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc4824 Open Access Injectable, photoresponsive protein hydrogels engender neuroprotection and neuroregeneration in optic nerves. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Nuclear WRAP53 promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery after stroke By Irene Sánchez-Morán, Cristina Rodríguez, Rebeca Lapresa, Jesús Agulla, Tomás Sobrino, José Castillo, Juan P. Bolaños, Angeles Almeida Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc5702 Open Access Ischemia-induced WRAP53 nuclear accumulation promotes DNA damage repair resulting in functional recovery after stroke. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials The circadian dynamics of the hippocampal transcriptome and proteome is altered in experimental temporal lobe epilepsy By K. J. Debski, N. Ceglia, A. Ghestem, A. I. Ivanov, G. E. Brancati, S. Bröer, A. M. Bot, J. A. Müller, S. Schoch, A. Becker, W. Löscher, M. Guye, P. Sassone-Corsi, K. Lukasiuk, P. Baldi, C. Bernard Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eaat5979 Open Access The cycling of hippocampal genes during the night and day cycle is altered in epilepsy. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Restoration of seagrass habitat leads to rapid recovery of coastal ecosystem services By Robert J. Orth, Jonathan S. Lefcheck, Karen S. McGlathery, Lillian Aoki, Mark W. Luckenbach, Kenneth A. Moore, Matthew P. J. Oreska, Richard Snyder, David J. Wilcox, Bo Lusk Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc6434 Open Access A total of 3612 ha of seagrass habitat was restored to the Virginia coast along with services like blue carbon and fisheries. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Rare earth element mobility in and around carbonatites controlled by sodium, potassium, and silica By Michael Anenburg, John A. Mavrogenes, Corinne Frigo, Frances Wall Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb6570 Open Access Rare earths concentrate by complexing with alkalis in carbonatite-derived hydrothermal fluids. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Solution NMR readily reveals distinct structural folds and interactions in doubly 13C- and 19F-labeled RNAs By Owen B. Becette, Guanghui Zong, Bin Chen, Kehinde M. Taiwo, David A. Case, T. Kwaku Dayie Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc6572 Open Access 19F-13C spy couple enables NMR visualization of long-lived signals of large RNA structures, folds, and drug binding pockets. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Untangling impacts of global warming and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on long-term variability of North Pacific tropical cyclone track density By Jiuwei Zhao, Ruifen Zhan, Yuqing Wang, Shang-Ping Xie, Qiong Wu Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eaba6813 Open Access Untangle the impacts of global warming and Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation on tropical cyclone track over the North Pacific. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials A universal scaling law of mammalian touch By J. W. Andrews, M. J. Adams, T. D. Montenegro-Johnson Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb6912 Open Access Across mammals, vibration mechanoreceptors are located at a universally scaled depth. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Blood-brain barrier–penetrating siRNA nanomedicine for Alzheimer’s disease therapy By Yutong Zhou, Feiyan Zhu, Yang Liu, Meng Zheng, Yibin Wang, Dongya Zhang, Yasutaka Anraku, Yan Zou, Jia Li, Haigang Wu, Xiaobin Pang, Wei Tao, Olga Shimoni, Ashley I. Bush, Xue Xue, Bingyang Shi Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc7031 Open Access Glycosylated “triple-interaction” stabilized siRNA nanomedicine ameliorated AD neuropathology by targeting BACE1. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Dietary thiamine influences l-asparaginase sensitivity in a subset of leukemia cells By Rohiverth Guarecuco, Robert T. Williams, Lou Baudrier, Konnor La, Maria C. Passarelli, Naz Ekizoglu, Mert Mestanoglu, Hanan Alwaseem, Bety Rostandy, Justine Fidelin, Javier Garcia-Bermudez, Henrik Molina, Kıvanç Birsoy Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc7120 Open Access Plasma thiamine concentrations affect l-asparaginase sensitivity of leukemia cells deficient for thiamine uptake. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Propagating bands of plastic deformation in a metal alloy as critical avalanches By Tero Mäkinen, Pasi Karppinen, Markus Ovaska, Lasse Laurson, Mikko J. Alava Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc7350 Open Access Portevin–Le Chatelier deformation bands obey predictions of a simple mean-field model of critical avalanche dynamics. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials ROS-responsive chitosan-SS31 prodrug for AKI therapy via rapid distribution in the kidney and long-term retention in the renal tubule By Di Liu, Gaofeng Shu, Feiyang Jin, Jing Qi, Xiaoling Xu, Yan Du, Hui Yu, Jun Wang, Mingchen Sun, Yuchan You, Minxia Zhu, Meixuan Chen, Luwen Zhu, Qiying Shen, Xiaoying Ying, Xuefang Lou, Saiping Jiang, Yongzhong Du Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb7422 Open Access An SS31 prodrug improved AKI therapy via rapid distribution in the kidney and long-term retention in the renal tubule. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Acceptor plane expansion enhances horizontal orientation of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters By Yepeng Xiang, Pan Li, Shaolong Gong, Yu-Hsin Huang, Chun-Yu Wang, Cheng Zhong, Weixuan Zeng, Zhanxiang Chen, Wei-Kai Lee, Xiaojun Yin, Chung-Chih Wu, Chuluo Yang Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eaba7855 Open Access An acceptor plane expansion approach is demonstrated to selectively improve horizontal dipole orientation of TADF emitters. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials A unique route of colloidal phase separation yields stress-free gels By Hideyo Tsurusawa, Shunto Arai, Hajime Tanaka Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb8107 Open Access We show a unique route of colloid gelation where topological percolation generates little mechanical stress. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Are small farms more performant than larger ones in developing countries? By P. A. Garzón Delvaux, L. Riesgo, S. Gomez y Paloma Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb8235 Open Access Small farms tend to be less profitable and efficient than larger ones, questioning development strategies in the long run. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Spatial and temporal variations in global soil respiration and their relationships with climate and land cover By Ni Huang, Li Wang, Xiao-Peng Song, T. Andrew Black, Rachhpal S. Jassal, Ranga B. Myneni, Chaoyang Wu, Lei Wang, Wanjuan Song, Dabin Ji, Shanshan Yu, Zheng Niu Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb8508 Open Access Land-cover change exerts more influence on soil respiration in boreal and temperate regions than climate change. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Harnessing the topotactic transition in oxide heterostructures for fast and high-efficiency electrochromic applications By Ji Soo Lim, Jounghee Lee, Byeoung Ju Lee, Yong-Jin Kim, Heung-Sik Park, Jeonghun Suh, Ho-Hyun Nahm, Sang-Woo Kim, Byeong-Gwan Cho, Tae Yeong Koo, Eunjip Choi, Yong-Hyun Kim, Chan-Ho Yang Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb8553 Open Access High-speed, high-performance electrochromic devices can be designed using unique solid-solid phase changes induced by oxygen flow. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Speed of sound from fundamental physical constants By K. Trachenko, B. Monserrat, C. J. Pickard, V. V. Brazhkin Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc8662 Open Access Fundamental physical constants provide the upper bound for the speed of sound in condensed matter phases. Abstract Full Text PDF Generating spatially entangled itinerant photons with waveguide quantum electrodynamics By B. Kannan, D. L. Campbell, F. Vasconcelos, R. Winik, D. K. Kim, M. Kjaergaard, P. Krantz, A. Melville, B. M. Niedzielski, J. L. Yoder, T. P. Orlando, S. Gustavsson, W. D. Oliver Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb8780 Open Access We experimentally demonstrate a new method of generating entangled itinerant photons using waveguide quantum electrodynamics. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Meniscus-controlled printing of single-crystal interfaces showing extremely sharp switching transistor operation By Gyo Kitahara, Satoru Inoue, Toshiki Higashino, Mitsuhiro Ikawa, Taichi Hayashi, Satoshi Matsuoka, Shunto Arai, Tatsuo Hasegawa Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabc8847 Open Access A printing technique of organic semiconductor crystal films enables extremely sharp switching transistor operation. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials A 3D atlas of the dynamic and regional variation of pancreatic innervation in diabetes By Alexandra Alvarsson, Maria Jimenez-Gonzalez, Rosemary Li, Carolina Rosselot, Nikolaos Tzavaras, Zhuhao Wu, Andrew F. Stewart, Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña, Sarah A. Stanley Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eaaz9124 Open Access Three-dimensional mapping of pancreatic innervation shows rapid remodeling of islet innervation in mouse and human diabetes. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Superficial white matter imaging: Contrast mechanisms and whole-brain in vivo mapping By Evgeniya Kirilina, Saskia Helbling, Markus Morawski, Kerrin Pine, Katja Reimann, Steffen Jankuhn, Juliane Dinse, Andreas Deistung, Jürgen R. Reichenbach, Robert Trampel, Stefan Geyer, Larissa Müller, Norbert Jakubowski, Thomas Arendt, Pierre-Louis Bazin, Nikolaus Weiskopf Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eaaz9281 Open Access Superficial white matter mapping provides the foundation for systematic studies of this crucial structure. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials A sleep-like state in Hydra unravels conserved sleep mechanisms during the evolutionary development of the central nervous system By Hiroyuki J. Kanaya, Sungeon Park, Ji-hyung Kim, Junko Kusumi, Sofian Krenenou, Etsuko Sawatari, Aya Sato, Jongbin Lee, Hyunwoo Bang, Yoshitaka Kobayakawa, Chunghun Lim, Taichi Q. Itoh Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb9415 Open Access The brain-less freshwater polyp Hydra controls sleep-wake cycles by mechanisms conserved or reprogrammed among animal species. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials Cryo-EM and MD infer water-mediated proton transport and autoinhibition mechanisms of Vo complex By Soung-Hun Roh, Mrinal Shekhar, Grigore Pintilie, Christophe Chipot, Stephan Wilkens, Abhishek Singharoy, Wah Chiu Science Advances07 Oct 2020 : eabb9605 Open Access A 2.7-Å cryo-EM structure and MD simulations explain water-mediated H+ transport and autoinhibition of yeast Vo proton channel. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials NAD+-mediated rescue of prenatal forebrain angiogenesis restores postnatal behavior By Sivan Subburaju, Sarah Kaye, Yong Kee Choi, Jugajyoti Baruah, Debkanya Datta, Jun Ren, Ashwin Srinivasan Kumar, Gabor Szabo, Dai Fukumura, Rakesh K. Jain, Abdallah Elkhal, Anju Vasudevan Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb9766 Open Access Prenatal NAD+ treatment can rescue abnormal brain development and prevent the origin of mental illness. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials 3D printed self-supporting elastomeric structures for multifunctional microfluidics By Ruitao Su, Jiaxuan Wen, Qun Su, Michael S. Wiederoder, Steven J. Koester, Joshua R. Uzarski, Michael C. McAlpine Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabc9846 Open Access 3D printed self-supporting microfluidics can be directly integrated with sensors and implemented on curvilinear surfaces. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary MaterialsReview Cenozoic evolution of the steppe-desert biome in Central Asia By N. Barbolini, A. Woutersen, G. Dupont-Nivet, D. Silvestro, D. Tardif, P. M. C. Coster, N. Meijer, C. Chang, H.-X. Zhang, A. Licht, C. Rydin, A. Koutsodendris, F. Han, A. Rohrmann, X.-J. Liu, Y. Zhang, Y. Donnadieu, F. Fluteau, J.-B. Ladant, G. Le Hir, C. Hoorn Science Advances09 Oct 2020 : eabb8227 Open Access The steppe-desert is much older than previously thought, but has evolved substantially from the Paleogene to the present. Abstract Full Text PDF Supplementary Materials ONLINE COVER Though awareness of human-caused degradation to coastal environments has grown in recent years, many restoration studies have included only short-term monitoring and have focused on increasing plant biomass, failing to report on the secondary benefits produced by healthy ecosystems. To revive four bays on Virginia's Eastern Shore, each of which had lost its meadows of eelgrass by 1933 due to slime mold and a devastating hurricane, Robert Orth and colleagues developed a more comprehensive approach. Orth et al. determined that seed availability was the primary impediment to the habitat's restoration. Since 2001, the researchers and citizen volunteers have broadcast 74.5 million eelgrass seeds in 536 plots covering 213 hectares. Over time, seeds from adult plants in the restoration plots dispersed naturally into the surrounding ecosystem, resulting in 3,612 hectares of new vegetation todate. As a result, the meadows' turbidity levels have decreased, indicating healthier water. Meanwhile, stocks of carbon and nitrogen sequestered in mature seagrass sediments are 30% and 120% higher, respectively, than those in newly colonized sediments. Populations of silver perch, scallops, and other fauna have also increased rapidly. [CREDIT: WILL PARSON/CHESAPEAKE BAY PROGRAM CC BY-NC 2.0]

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