SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth

Time 2020-11-10 21:06:36

Web Name: SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth

WebSite: http://www.spaceweather.com

ID:111632

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information,about,meteor,

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What is the sunspot number? Updated 10 Nov 2020 Spotless Days Current Stretch: 0 days 2020 total: 204 days (65%) 2019 total: 281 days (77%) 2018 total: 221 days (61%) 2017 total: 104 days (28%) 2016 total: 32 days (9%) 2015 total: 0 days (0%) 2014 total: 1 day ( 1%) 2013 total: 0 days (0%) 2012 total: 0 days (0%) 2011 total: 2 days ( 1%) 2010 total: 51 days (14%) 2009 total: 260 days (71%) 2008 total: 268 days (73%) 2007 total: 152 days (42%) 2006 total: 70 days (19%) Updated 10 Nov 2020 Thermosphere Climate Index today: 5.60x1010 W Cold Max: 49.4x1010 W Hot (10/1957) Min: 2.05x1010 W Cold (02/2009) explanation | more data: gfx, txt Updated 09 Nov 2020 The Radio Sun 10.7 cm flux: 90 sfu explanation | more dataUpdated 10 Nov 2020 There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.Credit: SDO/AIA Noctilucent Clouds The northern-hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has ended. The southern season begins in November. Between now and then, Earth has no noctilucent clouds. Safe aurora tours: Thinking of a visit to Norway? Marianne's Heaven on Earth Aurora Tours has a 7-seater minivan for families who don't require social distancing. See the Northern Lights or take a scenic day tour. Book here NORTHERN TAURID FIREBALLS: If you see a fireball this week, it's probably a piece of Comet 2P/Encke, source of the annual Northern Taurid meteor shower. Northern Taurid meteors are notoriously slow and bright, and they fly out of an easy-to-find patch of sky near the Pleiades. The shower will be active all week as Earth passes through the comet's broad trail of gravelly debris. Forecasters expect no more than ~5 Taurids per hour when the shower peaks on Nov. 11-12, but sometimes just one Taurid is enough. Look up after midnight for best results. Sky maps: Nov. 11, 12. SUNSPOT ARCHIPELAGO: Sunspots are magnetic islands on the sun. Sunspot AR2781 is a complete archipelago. Scroll down to scan more than 100,000 miles of island chain: Amateur astronomer Alan Friedman took the picture on Nov. 8th from his backyard observatory in Buffalo, New York. "AR2781 is a tremendous archipelago and a wonderful target for backyard solar telescopes," he says. The island metaphor is apt. Sunspots are buoyant concentrations of magnetism that float on a sea of solar plasma. The archipelago, above, consists of one big island about as wide as Earth plus dozens of lesser isles ranging in size from US states to small planets. AR2781 is currently facing Earth, and it poses a threat for C-class solar flares. Such flares can cause minor radio blackouts and, if they hurl a CME in our direction, moderately-strong geomagnetic storms.Solar flare alerts: SMS Text. Realtime Spaceweather Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter A BLACK PEARL IN THESTRATOSPHERE: It came from Tahiti--and now it's been to the edge of space. On Oct. 30, 2020, this genuine Black Tahitian South Sea Cultured Pearl flew to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloon, soaring 98,424 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California: You can have it for $229.95. The students are selling these exotic space pearls to fund their cosmic ray monitoring program. Measuring 10 mm in diameter, the pearl has an 18K rose gold clasp and is suspended from a matching 925 Sterling Silver chain. Each pearl comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All sales support hands-on STEM education Realtime Aurora Photo GalleryFree: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Nov. 09, 2020, the network reported 16 fireballs.(14 sporadics, 2 Northern Taurids) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. SOMETHING NEW! We have developed a new predictive model of aviation radiation. It's called E-RAD--short for Empirical RADiation model. We are constantly flying radiation sensors onboard airplanes over the US and and around the world, so far collecting more than 22,000 gps-tagged radiation measurements. Using this unique dataset, we can predict the dosage on any flight over the USA with an error no worse than 15%. E-RAD lets us do something new: Every day we monitor approximately 1400 flights criss-crossing the 10 busiest routes in the continental USA. Typically, this includes more than 80,000 passengers per day. E-RAD calculates the radiation exposure for every single flight. The Hot Flights Table is a daily summary of these calculations. It shows the 5 charter flights with the highest dose rates; the 5 commercial flights with the highest dose rates; 5 commercial flights with near-average dose rates; and the 5 commercial flights with the lowest dose rates. Passengers typically experience dose rates that are 20 to 70 times higher than natural radiation at sea level. To measure radiation on airplanes, we use the same sensors we fly to the stratosphere onboard Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloons: neutron bubble chambers and X-ray/gamma-ray Geiger tubes sensitive to energies between 10 keV and 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Column definitions: (1) The flight number; (2) The maximum dose rate during the flight, expressed in units of natural radiation at sea level; (3) The maximum altitude of the plane in feet above sea level; (4) Departure city; (5) Arrival city; (6) Duration of the flight. SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Approximately once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with radiation sensors that detect cosmic rays, a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. Cosmic rays can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4) linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the general population. Our latest measurements show that cosmic rays are intensifying, with an increase of more than 18% since 2015: The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes: In this plot, dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Why are cosmic rays intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum, allowing cosmic rays to return. 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