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Going beyond Learning and Listening to Meaningful Pursuit of Equity for Black Microbiologists Emmanuel C. Adukwu, Musau WaKabongo, Okechukwu Ekenna, Bwalya Lungu, Amarachukwu Anyogu, Victor Ujor 3 Nov 2020 SPOR Proteins Are Required for Functionality of Class A Penicillin-Binding Proteins in Escherichia coli Escherichia coli has four SPOR proteins that bind peptidoglycan, of which FtsN is essential for cell division. DamX and DedD are suggested to have semiredundant functions in cell division based on genetic evidence. Here, we solved the structure of the SPOR domain of DedD, and we show that both DamX and DedD interact with and stimulate the synthetic activity of the... Manuel Pazos, Katharina Peters, Adrien Boes, Yalda Safaei, Calem Kenward, Nathanael A. Caveney, Cedric Laguri, Eefjan Breukink, Natalie C. J. Strynadka, Jean-Pierre Simorre, Mohammed Terrak, Waldemar Vollmer 3 Nov 2020 A Genital Infection-Attenuated Chlamydia muridarum Mutant Infects the Gastrointestinal Tract and Protects against Genital Tract Challenge Chlamydia is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Most chlamydia genital infections resolve without serious consequences; however, untreated infection in women can cause pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Antibiotics are very effective in treating chlamydia, but most genital infections in both men and women are asymptomatic and go undiagnosed. Therefore, there is a critical need for an... Sandra G. Morrison, Amanda M. Giebel, Evelyn Toh, Arkaprabha Banerjee, David E. Nelson, Richard P. Morrison 3 Nov 2020 The Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Major Adhesin Hia Is a Dual-Function Lectin That Binds to Human-Specific Respiratory Tract Sialic Acid Glycan Receptors Host-adapted bacterial pathogens like NTHi have evolved specific mechanisms to colonize their restricted host niche. Relatively few of the adhesins expressed by NTHi have been characterized as regards their binding affinity at the molecular level. In this work, we show that the major NTHi adhesin Hia preferentially binds to Neu5Ac-α2-6-sialyllactosamine, the form of sialic acid expressed in humans. The receptors targeted by Hia in the... John M. Atack, Christopher J. Day, Jessica Poole, Kenneth L. Brockman, Jamie R. L. Timms, Linda E. Winter, Thomas Haselhorst, Lauren O. Bakaletz, Stephen J. Barenkamp, Michael P. Jennings 3 Nov 2020 Antimicrobial Peptides: a New Frontier in Antifungal Therapy Invasive fungal infections in humans are generally associated with high mortality, making the choice of antifungal drug crucial for the outcome of the patient. The limited spectrum of antifungals available and the development of drug resistance represent the main concerns for the current antifungal treatments, requiring alternative strategies. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), expressed in several organisms and used as first-line defenses... Giuseppe Buda De Cesare, Shane A. Cristy, Danielle A. Garsin, Michael C. Lorenz 3 Nov 2020 In Vivo Emergence of a Novel Protease Inhibitor Resistance Signature in HIV-1 Matrix Protease inhibitors (PIs) are the second- and last-line therapy for the majority of HIV-infected patients worldwide. Only around 20% of individuals who fail PI regimens develop major resistance mutations in protease. We sought to explore the role of mutations in gag-pro genotypic and phenotypic changes in viruses from six Nigerian patients who failed PI-based regimens without known drug resistance-associated protease... Rawlings Datir, Steven Kemp, Kate El Bouzidi, Petra Mlchocova, Richard Goldstein, Judy Breuer, Greg J. Towers, Clare Jolly, Miguel E. Quiñones-Mateu, Patrick S. Dakum, Nicaise Ndembi, Ravindra K. Gupta 3 Nov 2020 Broadly Reactive Influenza Antibodies Are Not Limited by Germinal Center Competition with High-Affinity Antibodies It is estimated that 250,000 to 650,000 individuals worldwide die each year from seasonal influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Current vaccines provide little protection against newly emerging strains. Thus, considerable effort is focused on enhancing the generation of broadly reactive IAV antibodies in order to develop a universal IAV vaccine. However, broadly reactive IAV antibodies are rare and the factors that limit their generation... Rachael Keating, Jenny L. Johnson, David C. Brice, Jocelyn G. Labombarde, Alexander L. Dent, Maureen A. McGargill 3 Nov 2020 EPEC Recruits a Cdc42-Specific GEF, Frabin, To Facilitate PAK Activation and Host Cell Colonization Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea in children, especially in the developing world. EPEC initiates infection by attaching to cells in the host intestine, triggering the formation of actin-rich “pedestal” structures directly beneath the adherent pathogen. These bacteria inject their own receptor into host cells, which upon binding... Vikash Singh, Peter J. Hume, Anthony Davidson, Vassilis Koronakis 3 Nov 2020 Molecular Architecture of Early Dissemination and Massive Second Wave of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus in a Major Metropolitan Area There is concern about second and subsequent waves of COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus occurring in communities globally that had an initial disease wave. Metropolitan Houston, TX, with a population of 7 million, is experiencing a massive second disease wave that began in late May 2020. To understand SARS-CoV-2 molecular population genomic architecture and evolution and the relationship between virus genotypes and patient... S. Wesley Long, Randall J. Olsen, Paul A. Christensen, David W. Bernard, James J. Davis, Maulik Shukla, Marcus Nguyen, Matthew Ojeda Saavedra, Prasanti Yerramilli, Layne Pruitt, Sishir Subedi, Hung-Che Kuo, Heather Hendrickson, Ghazaleh Eskandari, Hoang A. T. Nguyen, J. Hunter Long, Muthiah Kumaraswami, Jule Goike, Daniel Boutz, Jimmy Gollihar, Jason S. McLellan, Chia-Wei Chou, Kamyab Javanmardi, Ilya J. Finkelstein, James M. Musser 30 Oct 2020 Pervasive RNA Secondary Structure in the Genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and Other Coronaviruses The detection and characterization of large-scale RNA secondary structure in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 indicate an extraordinary and unsuspected degree of genome structural organization; this could be effectively visualized through a newly developed contour plotting method that displays positions, structural features, and conservation of RNA secondary structure between related viruses. Such RNA structure imposes a substantial... P. Simmonds 30 Oct 2020 Estimation of Full-Length TprK Diversity in Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum Syphilis continues to be a significant public health issue in both low- and high-income countries, including the United States where the rate of syphilis infection has increased over the past 5 years. Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, carries the outer membrane protein TprK that undergoes segmental gene conversion to... Amin Addetia, Michelle J. Lin, Quynh Phung, Hong Xie, Meei-Li Huang, Giulia Ciccarese, Ivano Dal Conte, Marco Cusini, Francesco Drago, Lorenzo Giacani, Alexander L. Greninger 27 Oct 2020 Origins and Molecular Evolution of the NusG Paralog RfaH In all domains of life, NusG-like proteins make contacts similar to those of RNA polymerase and promote pause-free transcription yet may play different roles, defined by their divergent interactions with nucleic acids and accessory proteins, in the same cell. This duality is illustrated by Escherichia coli NusG and RfaH, which silence and activate xenogenes,... Bing Wang, Vadim M. Gumerov, Ekaterina P. Andrianova, Igor B. Zhulin, Irina Artsimovitch 27 Oct 2020 DDX56 Binds to Chikungunya Virus RNA To Control Infection Arthropod-borne viruses are diverse pathogens and include the emerging virus chikungunya virus, which is associated with human disease. Through genetic screening, we found that the conserved RNA binding protein DDX56 is antiviral against chikungunya virus in insects and humans. DDX56 relocalizes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it binds to a stem-loop in the viral genome and destabilizes incoming genomes. Thus, DDX56 is an... Frances Taschuk, Iulia Tapescu, Ryan H. Moy, Sara Cherry 27 Oct 2020 A Small-Molecule Modulator of Metal Homeostasis in Gram-Positive Pathogens Staphylococcus aureus is a leading agent of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections in the world. S. aureus tightly controls metal homeostasis during infection, and disruption of metal uptake systems impairs staphylococcal virulence. We identified small molecules that interfere with metal handling... Lillian J. Juttukonda, William N. Beavers, Daisy Unsihuay, Kwangho Kim, Gleb Pishchany, Kyle J. Horning, Andy Weiss, Hassan Al-Tameemi, Jeffrey M. Boyd, Gary A. Sulikowski, Aaron B. Bowman, Eric P. Skaar 27 Oct 2020 Discovery of a New Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type IV Pilus Assembly Factor, TfpC Most bacterial species express one or more extracellular organelles called pili/fimbriae that are required for many properties of each bacterial cell. The Neisseria gonorrhoeae type IV pilus is a major virulence and colonization factor for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea. We have discovered a new protein of... Linda I. Hu, Shaohui Yin, Egon A. Ozer, Lee Sewell, Saima Rehman, James A. Garnett, H Steven Seifert 27 Oct 2020 mBio is ASM s first broad-scope, online-only, open access journal. mBio offers streamlined review and publication of the best research in microbiology and allied fields.For Authors

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