The EMBO Journal

Time 2020-10-03 05:03:55

Web Name: The EMBO Journal

WebSite: http://emboj.embopress.org

ID:68387

Keywords:

The,EMBO,Journal,

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Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Can't sign in? Forgot your username? Enter your email address below and we will send you your username If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username In vitro exposure of cerebral organoids to coronavirus results in preferential infection and cell death of neuronal cells. In vitro exposure of cerebral organoids to coronavirus results in preferential infection and cell death of neuronal cells. Structures of ISCth4 transposase/DNA complexes at different stages of the transposition pathway provide first insight into transpososome architecture and reaction mechanism of this major bacterial DNA mobility pathway. The plastidial RNA polymerase subunit PAP8 promotes chloroplast biogenesis in response to light via phytochrome B regulation of both skotomorphogenic and photomorphogenic factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. New work reports organoids to analyse stromal‐epithelial crosstalk in the bronchio‐alveolar compartment of the lungs Resource work reports a new invitro system to model the bronchioalveolar airways. Loss of Let‐7 miRNAs greatly impairs development of the murine early forebrain neuroepithelium, and leads to formation of neural rosettes resembling those seen in pediatric cancer. Disruption of m6A methyltransferases leads to enhanced immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer and melanoma cells due to enhanced IFN‐γ‐Stat1‐Irf1 signaling and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. Clearance of brain cell debris in the absence of functional microglia is not taken over by canonical phagocytic cell types, but surprisingly by astrocytes expressing TAM phagocytic receptors. INO80 chromatin remodeler complex function is restricted by the conserved long non‐coding RNA linc‐MYH. The exosome has a key role in curbing accumulation of toxic dipeptide‐repeat proteins, which in turn can impair exosome activity and thereby exacerbate neurodegenerative pathologies. Nox4 prevents mitochondrial calcium overload and regulated cell death by inhibiting InsP3R at the ER‐mitochondria contact sites in mammalian cells and infarcted murine hearts. DPP9‐dependent N‐terminal processing of cytosolic precursor proteins controls their mitochondrial levels and clearance of unwanted precursors via proteasomal degradation in human cells. Single‐cell profiling of primary breast cancer provides unprecedented insights into cell‐type heterogeneity within the tumor microenvironment. Structural analysis of MICU1–MICU2 heterodimers reveals how Ca2+ binding modulates gatekeeping and activation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter. Suppression of FoxM1 expression provides diet metabolite‐sensing transcription factor AhR with an intestinal crypt‐specific role in preventing colon tumorigenesis. A specific semaphorin guidance cue receptor, neuropilin‐1, promotes survival and migration of hypothalamic neurons expressing gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, affecting prepubertal body growth, onset of puberty, and sensitivity to male olfactory stimuli in female mice. A cryo‐EM structure of membrane‐bound FAK reveals structural rearrangements underlying its oligomerization and activation at focal adhesions. A single‐cell RNA‐seq resource identifies expression of coronavirus entry‐linked host cofactors ACE2, TMPRSS2 and FURIN primarily in bronchial cells in cells transitioning from secretory to ciliated identity. Crista junctions provide electrical insulation and sustain polarization of individual mitochondrial cristae within a single mitochondrion even when neighbouring cristae are damaged. Three‐dimensional human pulmonary tissue culture allows for investigation of hereditary diseases. The cytosolic innate immune sensor cGAS has an unexpected STING‐independent function in compacting nuclear DNA and impeding RAD51‐mediated recombination repair. Reconstitution of maximal mitochondrial respiration circumvents the limitations associated with current methods for assessing mitochondrial bioenergetics in frozen clinical samples. Bertrand Joseph and colleagues discuss the complexities and heterogeneity of the resident macrophage cells that play key roles in CNS immune responses, suggesting function‐based categorizations and ways for further studies. Self‐compartmentalization of the DNA double‐strand break response effector 53BP1 plays a key role in damage‐induced activation of p53 and its downstream targets. This review discusses recent advances in the use of patient‐derived tumour xenografts and patient‐derived tumour organoid models in fundamental and translational cancer research. Read MoreAbout the coverClose modalView large imageVolume 39,Issue 19,01 October 2020This month's cover highlights the article Stromal cell diversity associated with immune evasion in human triple‐negative breast cancer by Sunny Z. Wu, Alexander Swarbrick and colleagues. Long considered one uniform cell type based on histology, single‐cell analysis here reveals that specialised subclasses of cancer‐associated fibroblasts and perivascular cells comprise the stromal architecture of triple‐negative breast cancers. These subclasses have distinct spatial relationships, functional properties and profiles of inflammation. They reveal stromal subclasses associated with cytotoxic T‐cell dysfunction or exclusion, offering insights into the regulation of immune evasion by stromal cells. (Image design by Scistories LLC, www.scistories.com). Olesia Ignatenko, Joni Nikkanen, Alexander Kononov, Nicola Zamboni, Gulayse Ince-Dunn, Anu Suomalainen Decreased levels of the essential cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are causally linked to telomere shortening in mouse models and patients suffering from the telomere maintenance disorder, dyskeratosis congenita. Supplementation of alpha‐lipoic acid (ALA) reverses the age‐associated hyperproliferation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and the observed decline of intestinal function by promoting the activation of the endocytosis‐autophagy network in aged Drosophila. The protein expression profile of ACE2, suggested as host receptor for SARS‐CoV‐2, is assessed in various human organs. Notably, limited ACE2 expression is observed in the respiratory system both on the protein and mRNA level. This study provides biochemical and cellular evidence confirming artificial intelligence (AI)‐predictions focused on anti‐cytokine signaling and potential anti‐viral effects for baricitinib, along with a case series, supporting its potential utility in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients. Astrocyte-specific mtDNA depletion causes spongiotic encephalopathy, aggravated by ketogenic diet or rapamycin. Astrocytes, but not neurons, drive mitochondrial integrated stress response in the CNS.

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