stopchildlabor the Website of the Child Labor Coalition

Time 2020-07-13 11:03:19

Web Name: stopchildlabor the Website of the Child Labor Coalition

WebSite: http://stopchildlabor.org

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Viewpoint The Impact of COVID-19 on Child Labor June 30, 2020/0 Comments/in Viewpoint, Bangladesh, Cote d'Ivoire, Ghana /by CLC ContributorBy Ellie Murphy, CLC InternCombatting child labor during a global pandemic is a staggering challenge. In countries like Ghana, the Ivory Coast, Bangladesh—and dozens more struggling with child labor problems—school cancellations and lost family income may push children into the labor market. Once in, it may be hard for them to get out and return to school. In the face of this dire emergency, governments, the corporate world, and charitable institutions will need to support vulnerable families during this unprecedented time.CLC intern Ellie MurphyThere is a strong correlation between access to education and preventing child labor. An estimated 1.5 billion children are out of school. “Lack of access to education keeps the cycle of exploitation, illiteracy and poverty going – limiting future options and forcing children to accept low-wage work as adults and to raise their own children in poverty,” noted the children’s advocacy group Their World.With 9 in 10 children across the globe prevented from attending school in person, Human Rights Watch notes that interrupting formal education will have a huge impact on children and jeopardize their opportunity for better employment opportunities in the future: “For many children, the COVID-19 crisis will mean limited or no education, or falling further behind their peers.”With many parents losing their jobs, children will face increasing pressure to supplement family incomes. Poverty is the single greatest cause of child labor. “Children work because their survival and that of their families depend on it, and in many cases because unscrupulous adults take advantage of their vulnerability,” notes the International Labour Organization.Countries are being impacted by COVID-19 differently, but developing countries are expected to feel more negative consequences than developed countries, according to a WorldAtlas.com report, “How Are Third-World Countries Affected by COVID-19?” Tourism and trade helps fuel many of these economies and COVID is devastating both sectors.Developing countries—primarily in Africa and Asia—already house 90 percent of working children, according to the International Journal of Health Sciences. Economic pressure from the pandemic will likely drive even more children into the work force.Before the pandemic, child labor in West Africa was widespread—1.2 million child laborers were employed by cocoa farms in the Ivory Coast and 900,000 children on cocoa farms in Ghana, according to researchers from Tulane University. Ghana and the Ivory Coast produce about 60% of the world’s cocoa—a critical ingredient in chocolate. A recent Voice of America (VOA) article included predications that “ there will be increased economic pressures on farming families, and ongoing school closures in Ghana mean children are more likely to accompany their parents to their farms and be exposed to hazardous activities.”The VOA cited research by the International Cocoa Initiative that analyzed the impacts of income loss on child labor rates in the Ivory Coast and found that a 10% drop in income for families in the cocoa industry is expected to produce a 5% increase in child labor. Read more This page is having a slideshow that uses Javascript. Your browser either doesn't support Javascript or you have it turned off. To see this page as it is meant to appear please use a Javascript enabled browser. Child Soldiers The countries identified by the US government in 2018 as using child soldiers:Burma, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Iran, Iraq,Mali, Niger, Nigeria,Somalia, South Sudan, Syria and Yemen. Hazardous Labor In 2012, more than half of child laborers—85 million—are in hazardous work (down from 171 million in 2000).Source:ILO Latin America and the Middle East There are 13 million (8.8%) of children in child labor in Latin America and the Caribbean...and in the Middle East and North Africa there are 9.2 million (8.4%).Source: ILO Child labor among girls is falling... Child labor among girls fell by 40% between 2000 and 2012, compared to 25% for boys.Source: ILO The Philippines The Philippines has 2.9 million child laborers but in its 2013 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor, USDOL said the country was making "significant" progress in dealing with the problem.[source: http://tinyurl.com/llxpt2o] Child Domestic Servants According to an ILO report in 2013, 10.5 million children work as domestic servants around the world. Philippines In the Philippines, an estimated 246,000 children experience abuse, violence and child labor living on the streets. Child Mining An estimated 1 million children perform hazardous work in mines around the world. Child Trafficking According to UNICEF, 1.2 million children are trafficked each year--many for purposes of sexual exploitation. Ivory Coast According to a Tulane University study, 40 per cent of the 820,000 children working in cocoa in Ivory Coast are not enrolled in school, and only about 5 per cent of the Ivorian children are paid for their work. Schooling and Conflict In underdeveloped countries, every additional year of schooling reduces an adolescent boy’s risk of becoming involved in conflict by 20 percent. According to one study, a country that enrolls more than 87 percent of its children in school decreases its risk of conflict by nearly 75 percent. The Philippines According to the Philippine government, one in five Filipino children is involved in child labor--5.5 million in all. Forced Labor In June 2012, the ILO estimated that 21 million people had experienced forced labor over a 10-year period--5.5 million had been children. Trafficking The State Department estimates that 27 million people worldwide, most of them women and children, are victims of human trafficking, forced into labor or prostitution. Child Labor & Brick Making According to U.S. DOL/ILAB, bricks are produced by child labor in 15 countries: Afghanistan, Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Burma, Cambodia, China, Ecuador, India, Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan, Peru, Uganda, and Colombia. Gold 18 countries produce gold with child labor and many children are exposed to toxic substances like mercury during the process. Cambodia In Cambodia,  52 per cent of children aged between seven and 14 work—over 1.4 million children. A 2005 survey by NCL found that 96% of those Americans surveyed would not let their own children work in the fields as hired farmworkers under 13--something allowed by current U.S. Child Labor law. Remediation Between 1995 and 2010, the U.S. Congress appropriated approximately $780 million to the U.S. Department of Labor to support global efforts to combat exploitive child labor. Progress in Two Areas The ILO reports that in the four-year period ending in 2008, the number of child laborers among 5- to 14-year-olds fell 10 percent and the number children in hazardous work fell 31 percent. Uncovered The proportion of children who live in countries that have not yet ratified ILO Convention 182 (on the worst forms of child labor) or Convention 138 (on the minimum age): 1 in 3 Agriculture 6 in 10 child laborers work in agriculture, most commonly as unpaid workers on family farms Sub-Saharan Africa While many areas of the world are experiencing some progress in reducing child labor, Sub-Saharan Africa is seeing an increase in child labor activity. The World Wide Recession? The number of youth, 15- to 17-years-old, who work increased 20 percent in the period 2004-2008, while child labor rates are believed to have fallen among young children, particularly girls. Decline of Child Labor Slowing? The ILO reports that while child labor around the world decreased 10 percent between 2000 and 2004, it only decreased 3 percent between 2004 and 2008. Nutrition Almost 55 million children under the age of 5 in India are underweight. 2000: Human Right's Watch Report Fingers to the Bone Human Rights Watch publishes a report outlining the exploitation of children in US agriculture entitled “Fingers to the Bone: United States Failure to Protect Child Farmworkers.” Trafficking - Africa According to a UNICEF report in 2003, the number of 53 African countries with human trafficking problems: 49 Trafficking Nearly one in five victims of trafficking around the world are children. 1995: Death of Iqbal Masih Child Labor Activist Iqbal Masih, a former child slave in the carpet industry in Pakistan, is murdered for his international advocacy of child rights at the age of 13. His courage and determination continues to inspire children, activists, and officials. 1832: Association Condemns Child Labor The New England Association of Farmers, Mechanics and Other Workingmen officially condemns child labor. 1836: Union Proposes Minimum Age Laws Early trade unions at the National Trades' Union Convention propose requiring state minimum age laws for factory work.

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